Two Birds Side by Side
Two blue birds and six yellow birds land on a wire in a uniformly random left-to-right order, with no two birds sharing a spot. Find the probability that the two blue birds end up adjacent to each other.
Work it out, then compare with the answer.
SolutionShow the worked solution
By symmetry, the set of two positions occupied by the blue birds is uniformly distributed over the unordered pairs of positions among . The blue birds are adjacent exactly when this pair is for some , which gives favourable pairs. Hence
Alternative. Condition on the position of the first blue bird. If it is at an end (probability ), exactly one of the remaining spots is adjacent to it. Otherwise (probability ), two of the are. The probability is therefore .
Generalisation. With spots, the probability is .